Process in manufacturing to added value on raw material to finishing product, manufacturing is the use of machines, tools and labor to make things for use or sale. Also it can be used for selling things. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. Such finished goods may be used for manufacturing other, more complex products, such as household appliances or automobiles, or sold to wholesalers, who in turn sell them to retailers, who then sell them to end users - the "consumers". Manufacturing takes turns under all types of economic systems. In a free market economy, manufacturing is usually directed toward the mass production of products for sale to consumers at a profit. In a collectivist economy, manufacturing is more frequently directed by the state to supply a centrally planned economy. In free market economies, manufacturing occurs under some degree of government regulation. Modern manufacturing includes all intermediate processes required for the production and integration of a product's components. Some industries, such as semiconductor and steel manufacturers use the term fabrication instead.
Types Of Manufacturing Industry
To understand that manufacturing industry can be categorised into 3 divisions
To classify characteristics of the 3 divisions of manufacturing industry
Types of Secondary (Manufacturing) Industry
Secondary (manufacturing) industries make goods from raw material and/or assemble parts made by other companies.
Manufacturing industry can be divided into 3 divisions:
Heavy, Light, High-tech
Heavy Industry
Perform a variety of roles. For example, they may:
Refine minerals such as crude oil, into many different products
Smelt metals such as iron ore, into steel
The works usually cover a large area of land; pollution from their chimneys may be obvious many kilometres away.
They do not add to the scenic beauty of the landscape, but they are necessary because they provide the materials many light industries use for consumer goods.
Light and High-tech Industries They are combined under one heading – footloose industries. The term footloose refers to their greater freedom to choose a location compared with heavy industries. This freedom comes from having low raw material demands and the need only for small factories, which means that suitable sites are widely available Final products are high in value and low in weight, can be easily distributed by road. New factories have pleasant locations on the rural-urban fringe surrounded by green areas.
scale industry of industry:
Large-scale industry
Small-scale industry
Make small products, mainly to be brought by individuals
Make high-value products using modern technology
Large factories/plants covering large areas of land
Small-scale factory units on industrial estates
Housed in small units on business parks
Heavy capital investment needed
Investment required for research and development
Only a limited amount of capital investment is required.
Make large products often brought by other manufacturing companies
Examples include steel, oil-refining, chemicals, engineering and ship building
Examples include electrical goods, clothing, food-processing and toys
Examples include computers, business systems, microprocessors and communications equipment
Produces high levels of pollution
Their appearance spoils the landscape
Also known as footloose industries
Majority of finished products are transported by road.
